Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a growing global health issue where distant objects appear blurry due to an elongated eyeball or high corneal curvature (Dolgin). Risk factors include modifiable factors like excessive near-vision tasks (e.g., digital device use, reading) and limited outdoor activity, as well as non-modifiable factors like genetics and ethnicity (Myopia Institute). Without regular eye exams, diagnosis and treatment may be delayed.
Global Prevalence
Myopia rates are rising, particularly in urbanized and digitalized regions. In some Asian countries, myopia affects 84-97% of late teens and young adults. In the U.S., 41% of children in urban areas have myopia, with a national prevalence of 36.1%. Globally, nearly 224 million people are highly nearsighted (Sugue).
Treatment Options
Non-invasive treatments for myopia include corrective eyewear, such as glasses and contact lenses (Tyler, Rossiaki). Invasive options like refractive surgery are also available. For children, atropine eye drops, or special corrective lenses can help slow progression (Rossiaki). Eyecare providers can guide treatment choices based on age and vision needs.
Pediatric Challenges
Treating myopia in children presents challenges such as high costs, limited access to eye care, side effects, and socioeconomic barriers. Uncorrected myopia can hinder academic performance and cause psychosocial stress (Tariq).
Role of Providers and Payers
Providers and payers play a key role in raising awareness of myopia. Partnerships among eye care companies, health associations, and providers can reduce its impact. Educational campaigns and early eye exams can help prevent complications, especially in children.
Conclusion
Myopia is a global health concern that requires collaboration among patients, eyecare providers, and policymakers. By addressing prevalence, barriers, treatment options, and the role of providers, solutions can be found to protect future generations’ vision.
References
- Dolgin, E. “A Myopia Epidemic is Sweeping the Globe.” Nature, 29 May 2024.
- Sugue, M. Global Prevalence of Myopia. 2024.
- Tyler, J., Wagner, H. “Myopia Treatments: How to Choose and When to Use?” Review of Optometry, 15 Jan 2019.
- Rossiaky, D. “FAQs About Surgical Procedures for Myopia.” Healthline, 7 Apr 2023.
- Mayo Clinic. “Nearsightedness.” Mayo Clinic.
- Tariq, F. et al. “Advances in Myopia Prevention in School-Aged Children.” Frontiers in Public Health, 14 Aug 2023.
- Global Myopia Awareness Coalition.
- John, M., Morgan, I. “IMI Risk Factors for Myopia.” International Myopia Institute Clinical Summary, 2021.
- Morgan IG, et al. “IMI Risk Factors for Myopia.” Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2021;62(5):3.
- Nallasamy, S. “Myopia.” EyeWiki, 31 Aug 2023.